1.6 Compare and contrast containerization concepts.

Concepts

Stand-alone

Containers run individually on one host (e.g. docker run). Fine for development; no automatic healing or scaling.

Workload orchestration

Platforms like Kubernetes schedule containers across nodes, restart failures, scale and roll out updates.

Networking

Containers get virtual network interfaces; orchestrators add service networking and policies.

Port mapping

Exposing a container port on a host port (e.g. host 8080 to container 80). Only map what must be reachable.

Storage types

Containers are disposable, so storage choices determine what survives.

Persistent volumes

Storage that outlives a container, for databases and uploads.

Ephemeral storage

Storage that disappears when the container stops; fine for caches and temp files.

Image registries

Repositories that store container images. Use private registries, signed images and vulnerability scanning.