Command encyclopedia

Linux commands

Executable 79 commands run in the simulator today. Reference only 145 more are planned and will be enabled once implemented and tested.

Files and navigation

basename run
Strip directory from a path
cd run
Change the current directory
cp run
Copy files and directories
dirname run
Strip the last component from a path
du run
Estimate disk usage
file run
Guess a file type
find run
Search for files in a directory tree
ln run
Create links (simulator supports symbolic links with -s)
ls run
List directory contents
mkdir run
Create directories
mv run
Move or rename files
pwd run
Print the current working directory
readlink run
Print the target of a symbolic link
realpath run
Print the absolute path
rm run
Remove files or directories
rmdir run
Remove empty directories
stat run
Show file status
touch run
Create empty files or update timestamps
tree run
Show a directory tree

Text processing

awk run
Pattern scanning (simulator supports '{print $N,...}' with -F)
cat run
Print file contents
cut run
Select fields or characters from each line
grep run
Search for lines matching a pattern
head run
Print the first lines of input
nl run
Number lines
rev run
Reverse the characters of each line
sed run
Stream editor (simulator supports s/OLD/NEW/[g] and -i)
sort run
Sort lines
tac run
Print lines in reverse order
tail run
Print the last lines of input
tee run
Copy input to files and standard output
tr run
Translate or delete characters
uniq run
Collapse adjacent duplicate lines
wc run
Count lines, words and bytes

Shell

alias run
Define or list aliases
clear run
Clear the terminal screen
echo run
Print text
env run
Print environment variables
export run
Set an environment variable
false run
Do nothing, unsuccessfully
help run
List the commands available in this simulator
history run
Show command history
man run
Show the manual entry for a command
printenv run
Print all or one environment variable
printf run
Format and print text (supports %s, %d, \n, \t)
seq run
Print a sequence of numbers
sleep run
Pause (instant in the simulator)
true run
Do nothing, successfully
type run
Describe how a name would be interpreted
unalias run
Remove an alias
unset run
Remove an environment variable
which run
Show the path of a command

Users and permissions

chgrp run
Change file group
chmod run
Change file permissions
chown run
Change file owner and group (requires root)
getent run
Look up passwd or group entries
groupadd run
Create a group (requires root)
groups run
Print group memberships
id run
Print user and group IDs
sudo run
Run a command as root (student is in the sudo group)
useradd run
Create a user account (requires root)
usermod run
Modify a user account (requires root)
whoami run
Print the current user name

Processes and services

journalctl run
Show simulated service logs
kill run
Send a signal to a process
pgrep run
Find process IDs by name
pkill run
Signal processes by name
ps run
List processes
systemctl run
Inspect and control simulated services
top run
Show a snapshot of the busiest processes

Networking (lab hosts only)

curl run
Fetch a URL from a fictional lab host
ip run
Show network interfaces and routes (simulated)
ping run
Check reachability of a lab host (fictional network only)

System information

date run
Print the system date and time
df run
Report filesystem space usage (simulated values)
free run
Show memory usage (simulated values)
hostname run
Show the system host name
uname run
Print system information
uptime run
Show how long the system has been running

Planned (reference only)

Filesystem and navigation: locatewhereislsblkmountumountmktemptruncate

Files and text processing: lessmoreegrepfgreprgxargssplitjoincommdiffcmppatchstringsodhexdumpxxdfoldfmtpasteshuf

Shell and scripting: bashshsetsourcetestexprbctimetimeoutwatchcommandreadgetoptstrap

Users, permissions and identity: whowlastpasswdsuuserdelgroupmodgroupdelumaskgetfaclsetfaclchagelastlogvisudo

Processes and services: htopkillallnicerenicejobsbgfgnohupdisownvmstatiostatsardmesgservicecrontabatlsofstraceulimithostnamectl

Networking: ifconfigtracepathtraceroutemtrdignslookuphostresolvectlssnetstatwgetncncattelnetsshscpsftprsynctcpdumptsharkethtoolnmclinmtuinftiptablesufwfirewall-cmdroutearparpingiperf3

Packages, compression and security tools: aptapt-getdpkgdnfyumrpmpacmansnapflatpaktargzipgunzipbzip2xzzipunzipzstdsha256summd5sumgpgopensslbase64jqyq

Development and infrastructure CLI: gitpython3pipnodenpmnpxdockerpodmankubectlhelmterraformansiblemakegccnvidia-smi